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Study finds link between vitamin D-deficient older adults and depression
A new study by researchers from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA) at Trinity has shown for the first time in Ireland that a deficiency in vitamin D was associated with a substantial increased risk of depression (+75%) over a four-year follow up period. The findings form part of the largest representative study of its kind and have just been published in the prestigious journal, The Journal of Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine (JAMDA). Later life depression can significantly ...
Trinity College Dublin - 12/5/2018
A Nationwide Study in Denmark of the Association Between Treated Infections and the Subsequent Risk of Treated Mental Disorders in Children and Adolescents
A new study from iPSYCH shows that the infections children contract during their childhood increase the risk of mental disorders during childhood and adolescence. This knowledge expands our understanding of the role of the immune system in the development of mental disorders. High temperatures, sore throats and infections during childhood can increase the risk of also suffering from a mental disorder as a child or adolescent. This is shown by the first study of its kind to follow ...
Aarhus University - 12/5/2018
Stuck in a Loop of ‘Wrongness’: Brain Study Shows Roots of OCD
They clean their hands, many times in a row. They click switches on and off, over and over. They check - and re-check, and check again - that they turned the stove off. No one knows exactly what drives people with obsessive-compulsive disorder to do what they do, even when they're fully aware that they shouldn't do it, and when it interferes with their ability to live a normal life. That lack of scientific understanding means about half of them can't find an effective treatment. But a new ...
Michigan Medicine - University of Michigan - 11/29/2018
Brain Stimulation Relieves Depression Symptoms: Human study suggests lateral orbitofrontal cortex as promising target for therapeutic brain stimulation to treat intractable depression
Patients with moderate to severe depression reported significant improvements in mood when researchers precisely stimulated a brain region called the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), according to a UC San Francisco research study published November 29, 2018 in Current Biology. The results are an important step toward developing a therapy for people with treatment-resistant depression, which affects as many as 30 percent of depression patients, the authors say.
University of California - San Francisco - 11/29/2018
Researchers have found the first risk genes for ADHD
A major international collaboration headed by researchers from the Danish iPSYCH project, the Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Massachusetts General Hospital, SUNY Upstate Medical University, and the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium has for the first time identified genetic variants which increase the risk of ADHD. The new findings provide a completely new insight into the biology behind ADHD.
Aarhus University - 11/28/2018
An understudied form of child abuse and intimate terrorism: parental alienation: Researchers are urging psychological, legal and child custodial disciplines to recognize parental alienation as family violence
The scene: a bitter divorce, and a custody battle over the couple's 7-year-old son. Awarded full custody, the mother - perhaps seeking revenge? - sets out to destroy the son's relationship with his father. The mother tells the son lies about the father's behavior, plants seeds of doubt about his fitness as a parent, and sabotages the father's efforts to see his son. The son begins to believe the lies; as he grows up, his relationship with his father becomes strained. According to ...
Colorado State University - 11/27/2018
Psychological intervention proves 'life-changing' for women experiencing domestic abuse
Training domestic violence and abuse (DVA) advocates to deliver psychological support to women experiencing DVA could significantly improve the health of those affected. In a randomised controlled trial led by researchers from the University of Bristol, women who received the intervention showed reduced symptoms of psychological distress, depression and post-traumatic stress compared to those who received just advocacy. Women who experience domestic violence ...
University of Bristol - 11/27/2018
Does Teen Cannabis Use Lead to Behavior Problems – or Vice Versa?
More youth use cannabis than smoke cigarettes in the United States. In other parts of the world, cannabis use has become almost as regular as tobacco use among adolescents and young adults. With relaxed laws governing cannabis use in many U.S. states and localities, there is mixed and limited research on whether increasing legalization could lead to other unhealthy behaviors in addition to substance use disorders. Now, new research led by the Annenberg Public Policy Center ...
Annenberg Public Policy Center of the University of Pennsylvania - 11/26/2018
Trial examines how mindfulness meditation may improve mood
In a randomized controlled trial of 134 mildly stressed, middle-aged to older adults, participants who were assigned to a six-week mindfulness-meditation training program experienced significantly reduced negative affect variability--which refers to subjective distress and includes a range of mood states such as worry, anxiety, anger, self-criticism, and life dissatisfaction--compared with participants assigned to a waitlist control. The effects seen in the Stress & Health study were ...
Wiley - 11/21/2018
Older Adults’ Abstract Reasoning Ability Predicts Depressive Symptoms Over Time
Age-related declines in abstract reasoning ability predict increasing depressive symptoms in subsequent years, according to data from a longitudinal study of older adults in Scotland. The research is published in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science. “Mental health in later life is a topic of increasing importance given aging populations worldwide,” says researcher Stephen Aichele of the University of Geneva. “Our findings suggest that monitoring ...
Association for Psychological Science - 11/14/2018
Bias-Based Bullying Does More Harm, Is Harder to Protect Against
A new study finds that bias-based bullying does more harm to students than generalized bullying, particularly for students who are targeted because of multiple identities, such as race and gender. What’s more, the study finds that efforts to mitigate these harms are less effective against bias-based bullying. “Bias-based bullying is when children are bullied because of some aspect of their social identity, whether that’s race, gender, ethnicity, religion, disability or sexual orientation,” ...
North Carolina State University - 11/14/2018
Being overweight likely to cause depression, even without health complications
The research, jointly led by the University of Exeter and the University of South Australia, suggests that it is the psychological impact of being overweight that causes depression, rather than associated illnesses. This furthers understanding of the complex relationship between obesity and depression. While it has long been known that depression is more common in obesity, the research, published in the International Journal of Epidemiology, is the first to conclude that higher body mass ...
University of Exeter - 11/13/2018
Brain changes found in self-injuring teen girls: Study highlights need for prevention, early intervention in those at high risk of suicide
The brains of teenage girls who engage in serious forms of self-harm, including cutting, show features similar to those seen in adults with borderline personality disorder, a severe and hard-to-treat mental illness, a new study has found. Reduced brain volumes seen in these girls confirms biological - and not just behavioral - changes and should prompt additional efforts to prevent and treat self-inflicted injury, a known risk factor for suicide, said study lead author Theodore Beauchaine, ...
Ohio State University - 11/13/2018
Suicide risk increases in teens who knew murder victims
Nearly half of black teenagers surveyed in Allegheny County report losing a friend or family member to murder, a disproportionately stark statistic that is associated with suicide attempts and other negative childhood experiences, according to research led by UPMC and University of Pittsburgh scientists. The findings are presented today at the American Public Health Association's 2018 Annual Meeting & Expo in San Diego. "Health Equity Now" is the theme of this year's meeting.
University of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences - 11/13/2018
Double whammy for grieving spouses with sleep problems: Bereaved spouses with sleep disturbances have overactive immune system linked to heart disease
Sleep disturbances have a strong negative impact on the immune system of people who have recently lost a spouse, reports a new study from Northwestern Medicine and Rice University. The overactivated immune system of the bereaved triggered by sleep disturbances -- and resulting chronic inflammation -- may make them more susceptible to heart disease or cancer, the study authors said. Grieving spouses have a higher risk of developing heart disease or dying within a year of their ...
Northwestern University - 11/8/2018
Social media use increases depression and loneliness: In the first experimental study of Facebook, Snapchat, and Instagram use, University of Pennsylvania psychologist showed a causal link between time spent on the platforms and decreased well-being
The link between the two has been talked about for years, but a causal connection had never been proven. For the first time, University of Pennsylvania research based on experimental data connects Facebook, Snapchat, and Instagram use to decreased well-being. Psychologist Melissa G. Hunt published her findings in the December Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology. Few prior studies have attempted to show that social-media use harms users' well-being, and those that have ...
University of Pennsylvania - 11/8/2018
Conversion 'therapy' begins at home: First study shows pivotal role of parents in conversion efforts to change LGBT adolescents' sexual orientation
A new study finds that attempts by parents and religious leaders or therapists to change the sexual orientation of LGBT adolescents ('conversion therapy') contribute to multiple health and adjustment problems in young adulthood. These include higher levels of depression and suicidal behavior, as well as lower levels of self-esteem, social support and life satisfaction, and lower levels of education and income in young adulthood.
San Francisco State University - 11/8/2018
Explaining happiness: Where emotional well-being comes from
It is widely believed that each person finds the source of happiness within themselves and nowhere else. To determine just how true this is, research psychologists of the Higher School of Economics conducted a survey on 600 individuals. The results of the study were published in the article Why Do I Feel This Way? Attributional Assessment of Happiness and Unhappiness. The researchers based their work on Bernard Weiner's Causal Attribution Theory. This helps determine to which causes ...
National Research University Higher School of Economics - 11/8/2018
People with Internet addiction react the worst when WiFi fails: Do you get frustrated and angry when your WiFi connection stops working? It could be because of your personality
Do you get frustrated and angry when your WiFi connection stops working? It could be because of your personality. When digital technology stops working, people with a fear of missing out (FOMO) -- the anxiety that you're missing a social experience others might be having while you're not online -- or an internet addiction have more extreme reactions, according to a new study in Heliyon.
Elsevier - 11/1/2018
New study: reduced screen time for young highly recommended for well-being
Too much time spent on gaming, smartphones and watching television is linked to heightened levels and diagnoses of anxiety or depression in children as young as age 2, according to a new study. Even after only one hour of screen time daily, children and teens may begin to have less curiosity, lower self-control, less emotional stability and a greater inability to finish tasks, reports San Diego State University psychologist Jean Twenge and University of Georgia psychology professor ...
San Diego State University - 10/29/2018
Veterans with PTSD improve mental health after therapeutic horseback riding intervention: The veterans felt 'greater confidence, gratitude and hope, as well as increased patience,' Baylor University researcher says
Veterans with combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder were less anxious and depressed and had an improved quality of life after an eight-week therapeutic horseback riding program, according to a Baylor University study. "PTSD is difficult to treat. But those who went through the program reported lessening of symptoms and better mental health," said lead author Beth A. Lanning, Ph.D., associate chair and associate professor of public health in Baylor's Robbins College of ...
Baylor University - 10/29/2018
Significant increase in mental health conditions among US students
University students in the US are showing increasingly higher rates of diagnosis for a range of mental health conditions, potentially putting their academic success at risk, suggests new research published in the Journal of American College Health. Using a national American College Health Association dataset consisting of over 450,000 undergraduate students, researchers investigated whether mental health diagnoses and treatment among university students changed between ...
Taylor & Francis Group - 10/24/2018
PTSD symptoms improve when patient chooses form of treatment, study shows
A multiyear clinical trial comparing medication and mental health counseling in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder shows that patients who chose their form of treatment -- whether drugs or therapy -- improved more than those who were simply prescribed one or the other regardless of the patient's preference. The study, led by the University of Washington and Case Western Reserve University, was conducted at outpatient clinics in Seattle and Cleveland. It found that both ...
University of Washington - 10/19/2018
Aerobic exercise has antidepressant treatment effects
An analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials indicates that supervised aerobic exercise has large antidepressant treatment effects for patients with major depression. The systematic review and meta-analysis is published in Depression and Anxiety. Across 11 eligible trials involving 455 adult patients (18-65 years old) with major depression as a primary disorder, supervised aerobic exercise was performed on average for 45 minutes, at moderate intensity, 3 times per week, and for ...
Wiley - 10/18/2018
Suicide risk in abused teen girls linked to mother-daughter conflict
Teenage girls who were maltreated as children are more likely to entertain suicidal thoughts if the relationship with their mother is poor and the degree of conflict between the two of them high. Researchers at the University of Rochester's Mt. Hope Family Center found that the quality of the mother-daughter relationship and their level of conflict are two direct mechanisms underlying the association between child maltreatment and suicidal thoughts during adolescence.
University of Rochester - 10/18/2018
How parenting affects antisocial behaviors in children: In a study of identical twins, the child who experienced harsher behavior and less parental warmth was more aggressive and exhibited more callous-unemotional traits
Less parental warmth and more harshness in the home environment affect how aggressive children become and whether they lack empathy and a moral compass, a set of characteristics known as callous-unemotional (CU) traits, according to findings from the University of Pennsylvania, the University of Michigan, and Michigan State University. The work was published in the Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.
University of Pennsylvania - 10/11/2018
Study firms up diet and depression link
Does fast food contribute to depression? Can a healthy diet combat mental illness? In an unusual experiment, James Cook University researchers in Australia have found that among Torres Strait Islander people the amount of fish and processed food eaten is related to depression. A JCU research team led by Professors Zoltan Sarnyai and Robyn McDermott looked at the link between depression and diet on a Torres Strait island, where fast food is available, and on a more isolated ...
James Cook University - 10/9/2018
Sexual harassment and assault linked to worse physical/mental health among midlife women
A new study by researchers at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine suggests that experiences of sexual harassment and sexual assault could have a significant impact on the physical and mental health of midlife women. Study results, published today in JAMA Internal Medicine, also will be presented at the North American Menopause Society meeting on Friday, Oct. 5, 2018 in San Diego, CA. “When it comes to sexual harassment or sexual assault, our study shows that ...
University of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences - 10/3/2018
Opioid overdoses, depression linked
The link between mental health disorders and substance abuse is well-documented. Nearly one in 12 adults in the U.S is depressed, and opioid-related deaths are skyrocketing. As these numbers continue to climb, some mental health professionals have started to wonder if there’s a link between the two. According to a new study published in Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, the link is strong. “For every additional 1 percent of the population that has a depression diagnosis, ...
Purdue University - 10/3/2018
Low self-esteem connected to greater risk for opioid use: New research reveals life stressors most associated with increased risk for using opioids to cope
Health, family and romance problems appear to be the particular life stressors most associated with increased risk for using opioids to cope, and individuals with low self-esteem appear to be at risk for these connections, according to a new paper including researchers at Binghamton University, State University at New York. The research team, which included Binghamton University graduate student Damla Aksen, surveyed 1,000-plus adults about five life stressors, self-esteem and ...
Binghamton University - 10/3/2018
Shedding light on new treatment options for perimenopausal depression and sleep problems: New study suggests efficacy of sleep and light therapy in improving mood and sleep by altering circardian rhythms and sleep/wake cycles
Light therapy has long been a recognized treatment option for depression. But can it help perimenopausal women struggling with depression and sleep problems as the result of hormone changes? A new study from the University of California suggests that it can by altering a woman's natural sleep/wake cycle. Preliminary study results will be presented during The North American Menopause Society (NAMS) Annual Meeting in San Diego, October 3-6, 2018.
The North American Menopause Society (NAMS) - 10/3/2018
Talking with the doctor makes it easier to deal with grief and bereavement
In a comprehensive study, researchers from Aarhus University show that grieving patients who receive what is known as talk therapy at the general practitioner shortly after a relative's death, have a lower risk of suicide and psychiatric illness than others. Data from 207.000 million Danes is included in the register-based study, which can contribute to new practices in the preventative area. Losing a close family member is psychologically painful. In fact, it is so painful that the risk of ...
Aarhus University - 9/20/2018
Witnessing violence in high school as bad as being bullied
Students who witness violence in school at age 13 are at later risk of psycho-social and academic impairment at age 15, according to a new longitudinal study by researchers at Université de Montréal with colleagues in Belgium and France. In the study, published today in the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, Michel Janosz of UdeM's School of Psycho-Education and his international team looked at a stratified cohort of nearly 4,000 Quebec high-school students.
University of Montreal - 9/17/2018
Brief psychotherapy benefits women caring for children with severe health issues: Depression, sleep improve after CBT intervention
Brief cognitive behavioral therapy significantly improved the mental health of women overwhelmed by caring for children with severe chronic health conditions, researchers at the University of Louisville have found. After five therapy sessions, study participants reported significantly decreased depressive symptoms, negative thinking and chronic stressors, and experienced improved sleep quality, according to Lynne Hall, Dr.P.H., R.N., associate dean of research and professor at the UofL ...
University of Louisville - 9/14/2018
Religious upbringing linked to better health and well-being during early adulthood
Participating in spiritual practices during childhood and adolescence may be a protective factor for a range of health and well-being outcomes in early adulthood, according to a new study from Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. Researchers found that people who attended weekly religious services or practiced daily prayer or meditation in their youth reported greater life satisfaction and positivity in their 20s--and were less likely to subsequently have depressive symptoms, ...
Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health - 9/14/2018
One in Three College Freshmen Worldwide Reports Mental Health Disorder: Students from 19 colleges in eight countries report symptoms consistent with psychological disorder, study says
As if college were not difficult enough, more than one-third of first-year university students in eight industrialized countries around the globe report symptoms consistent with a diagnosable mental health disorder, according to research published by the American Psychological Association. “While effective care is important, the number of students who need treatment for these disorders far exceeds the resources of most counseling centers, resulting in a substantial unmet need for mental ...
American Psychological Association - 9/13/2018
Widely used youth behavior treatment may be ineffective -- study
A long-established treatment used around the world to help troubled young people and their families tackle behavioural problems may not be as effective as its practitioners claim - a new study reveals. Functional Family Therapy (FFT) is a short-term, evidence-based intervention provided at over 270 sites worldwide - mostly within the US, but also in Belgium, Ireland, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden and the UK. Researchers at the University of Birmingham recommend ...
University of Birmingham - 9/11/2018
Emotional scars increase the risk of sports injury
Active top-flight athletes who have experienced sexual or physical abuse at some time in their life run a greater risk of sports-related injury. A new study from the Athletics Research Center at Linköping University in Sweden has shown an association between lifetime abuse experience and injury risk in female athletes. The study has been carried out on elite athletes in Sweden, and is the first of its kind to investigate the consequences of sexual and physical abuse for athletes.
Linköping University - 9/7/2018
Sexual violence haunts women with vivid memories decades later: Memories of sexual assault trigger more stress than other traumatic experiences, according to a new Rutgers-New Brunswick study
Women who are sexually assaulted experience more vivid memories than women coping with the aftermath of other traumatic, life-altering events not associated with sexual violence, according to a new Rutgers University–New Brunswick study. The research, published in Frontiers in Neuroscience, found that women who had suffered from sexual violence, even those who were not diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), had more intense memories – even years after ...
Rutgers University - 9/6/2018
Higher depression risk in young adulthood associated with autism spectrum disorders
Bottom Line: Autism spectrum disorders (ASD), especially without an accompanying intellectual disability, were associated with greater risk for depression in young adulthood compared with the general population and siblings without ASD. Why The Research Is Interesting: Mental health problems, including depression, are considered common in people with ASD. Understanding depression in people with ASD is important because it can further reduce social function. The identification and ...
JAMA Network Open - 8/31/2018
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