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Trauma begets trauma: bullying associated with increased suicide attempts among 12-to-15-year-oldsA new study in the Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (JAACAP), published by Elsevier, reports that bullying victimization may increase the risk of suicide attempts among young adolescents by approximately three-times worldwide. “Globally, approximately 67,000 adolescents die of suicide each year and identifying modifiable risk factors for adolescent suicide is a public health priority,” said lead author Ai Koyanagi, MD, and Research Professor ... Elsevier - 8/15/2019Negative memory storage affects depression symptoms: Inhibiting negative memories could be future depression treatmentPhysical manifestations of negative memories in the hippocampus could underlie cognitive symptoms of depression, according to research in mice published in JNeurosci. Inhibiting these manifestations could be a future treatment route. Groups of neurons that are activated after an experience are thought to be the physical representation of memory. These so-called engrams in the hippocampus could be involved in depression, which is characterized by impaired recall of positive memories ... Society for Neuroscience - 8/12/2019An alternate theory for what causes Alzheimer's diseaseAlzheimer’s disease, the most common cause of dementia among the elderly, is characterized by plaques and tangles in the brain, with most efforts at finding a cure focused on these abnormal structures. But a University of California, Riverside, research team has identified alternate chemistry that could account for the various pathologies associated with the disease. Plaques and tangles have so far been the focus of attention in this progressive disease that currently afflicts more than ... University of California - Riverside - 8/12/2019Why Stress and Anxiety Aren't Always Bad: Expecting to always feel happy and relaxed a recipe for disappointment, expert saysPeople generally think of stress and anxiety as negative concepts, but while both stress and anxiety can reach unhealthy levels, psychologists have long known that both are unavoidable — and that they often play a helpful, not harmful, role in our daily lives, according to a presentation at the annual convention of the American Psychological Association. “Many Americans now feel stressed about being stressed and anxious about being anxious. Unfortunately, by the time someone reaches out ... American Psychological Association - 8/10/2019When Working With Animals Can Hurt Your Mental Health: Veterinarians, others who work with animals, face stressors that may contribute to poor mental health, compassion fatigue, burnoutWhile it might sound like fun to work around pets every day, veterinarians and people who volunteer at animal shelters face particular stressors that can place them at risk for depression, anxiety and even suicide, according to research presented at the annual convention of the American Psychological Association. “People who work or volunteer with animals are often drawn to it because they see it as a personal calling,” said Angela K. Fournier, PhD, of Bemidji State University, who ... American Psychological Association - 8/9/2019Physicians Call for an End to Conversion TherapyConversion therapy is a broad term used to describe practices and actions aimed at changing people’s sexual orientation or gender identity - to turn anyone who doesn’t identify as “straight” into a “straight” person. Historically, conversion therapies have used electroshock therapy, chemical drugs, hormone administrations and even surgery. While these extreme practices are becoming rarer, many other harmful actions are still taking place, negatively impacting both children and ... Boston Medical Center - 8/7/2019Prenatal parental stress linked to behaviour problems in toddlersExpectant parents' emotional struggles predict emotional and behavioural problems in 2-year-olds, new research shows. The same study reveals, for the first time, that couple conflict helps explain emotional problems in very young children. The team of researchers - from the Universities of Cambridge, Birmingham, New York and Leiden - say their findings highlight a pressing need for greater support for couples before, during and after pregnancy to improve outcomes for children. University of Cambridge - 8/5/2019Brains work in sync during music therapy -- studyFor the first time researchers have been able to demonstrate that the brains of a patient and therapist become synchronised during a music therapy session, a breakthrough that could improve future interactions between patients and therapists. The research, published in the journal Frontiers in Psychology, was carried out by Professor Jorg Fachner and Dr Clemens Maidhof of Anglia Ruskin University (ARU). This is the first music therapy study to use a procedure called hyperscanning, ... Anglia Ruskin University - 7/25/2019Hair could be the key to better mental-illness diagnosis in teens: Study also finds lower depression risk in kids with good family supportIt's possible that a lock of hair could one day aid in the diagnosis of depression and in efforts to monitor the effects of treatment, said the author of a new study examining cortisol levels in the hair of teens. Researchers looked for potential relationships between the concentration of the stress hormone cortisol in the hair and adolescents' depression symptoms and found a surprising connection. Not only did high cortisol levels correspond to a higher likelihood of depression, but ... Ohio State University - 7/24/2019New research has potential for 'unpacking' complex simultaneous emotions in adolescenceWhen faced with emotional challenges or traumatic experiences, we may well have different, mixed feelings both at the same time and sequentially. In adolescence, when complex emotions are experienced as part of everyday life, the effect of challenge or trauma combined with difficulty expressing emotional complexity can exacerbate a given situation and limit the communication needed between young people and professionals. New research published (23rd July 2019) in the Journal ... University of Chichester - 7/24/2019Obstructive sleep apnea may be one reason depression treatment doesn't workWhen someone is depressed and having suicidal thoughts or their depression treatment just isn't working, their caregivers might want to check to see if they have obstructive sleep apnea, investigators say. That's true even when these individuals don't seem to fit the usual profile of obstructive sleep apnea, which includes males who are overweight, snore and complain of daytime sleepiness, says Dr. W. Vaughn McCall, chair of the Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior at ... Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University - 7/23/2019Study: Brain injury common in domestic violence - Advocates say lasting 'invisible' injuries often go unrecognizedDomestic violence survivors commonly suffer repeated blows to the head and strangulation, trauma that has lasting effects that should be widely recognized by advocates, health care providers, law enforcement and others who are in a position to help, according to the authors of a new study. In the first community-based study of its kind, researchers from The Ohio State University and the Ohio Domestic Violence Network found that 81 percent of women who have been abused at the ... Ohio State University - 7/2/2019Genetic variation linked to response to anxiety could inform personalised therapiesA new study in marmoset monkeys suggests that individual variation in genes alters our ability to regulate emotions, providing new insights that could help in the development of personalised therapies to tackle anxiety and depression. Some individuals are at greater risk of developing anxiety and depression than others and this depends in part upon the interaction between our genes and our environment, such as stressful or adverse events in our lives. Moreover, some of those who ... University of Cambridge - 7/2/2019Some children are more likely to suffer depression long after being bulliedSome young adults who were bullied as a child could have a greater risk of ongoing depression due to a mix of genetic and environmental factors according to a new study from the University of Bristol. Researchers wanted to find out what factors influenced depression in young adults between the ages of 10 and 24 and why some people responded differently to risk factors such as bullying, maternal postnatal depression, early childhood anxiety and domestic violence. University of Bristol - 7/1/2019Early warning signs of eating disorder revealed: Findings of large-scale data studyEarly warning signs that someone may have an eating disorder have been revealed in a large-scale data study conducted by Swansea University researchers. The results, published in the British Journal of Psychiatry by the Royal College of Psychiatrists, showed that people diagnosed with a disorder had higher rates of other conditions and of prescriptions in the years before their diagnosis. The findings may give GPs a better chance of detecting eating disorders earlier. Swansea University - 6/30/2019Teens who can describe negative emotions can stave off depressionTeenagers who can describe their negative emotions in precise and nuanced ways are better protected against depression than their peers who can’t. That’s the conclusion of a new study about negative emotion differentiation, or NED, the ability to make fine-grained distinctions between negative emotions and apply precise labels, published in the journal Emotion. “Adolescents who use more granular terms such as ‘I feel annoyed,’ or ‘I feel frustrated,’ or ‘I feel ashamed’—instead of ... University of Rochester - 6/28/2019Study: Society pays heavy price for failure to diagnose and treat conduct disorderConduct disorder is a common and highly impairing psychiatric disorder that usually emerges in childhood or adolescence and is characterized by severe antisocial and aggressive behavior, including physical aggression, theft, property damage and violation of others' rights. Much greater awareness, improved diagnosis and enhanced treatment are all required in order to reduce the burden on society of the severe behavioral condition, conduct disorder, according to a new study co-authored by ... Louisiana State University - 6/28/2019Understanding how tics are suppressed may help some at risk for tic disorders: Identifying kids who control their tics may help others at risk for Tourette syndromeAt least 20 percent of elementary school-age children develop tics such as excessive blinking, throat clearing or sniffing, but for most of those kids, the tics don't become a long-term problem. Conventional wisdom has held that most tics go away on their own and that only in rare cases do they become chronic or develop into a disorder such as Tourette syndrome. However, studying children shortly after tics first appear, researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis ... Washington University School of Medicine - 6/26/2019Gender affects the correlation between depression and weight in children and adolescentsThe results of a large community-based study have shown that the probability of major depressive disorder in children and adolescents with high, low, or normal body mass index differs according to gender. Underweight boys and overweight girls have an increased risk of depression, according to the study published in Childhood Obesity, a peer-reviewed journal from Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers. Click here to read the full-text article free on the Childhood Obesity website through ... Mary Ann Liebert, Inc./Genetic Engineering News - 6/13/2019Weighing risks and benefits of drug treatment for major depression: Research summary from the Journal of the American Geriatrics SocietyDepression is a common and serious problem for older adults. Some 15 to 20 percent of people aged 65 and older who live independently deal with symptoms of major depressive disorder. For residents of nursing homes, the rates of depression may be as high as 50 percent. For some people, medication is an effective part of treatment for depression. However, when considering whether to prescribe antidepressant medication for older adults, healthcare providers must weigh the ... American Geriatrics Society - 6/12/2019Parents of depressed teens in treatment may also benefit from counseling: Family relationships were stable while teen was in treatment; marital satisfaction worsened post-treatmentTeen depression can affect parents' marital satisfaction, a new Northwestern Medicine study has found. Parents often seek mental health treatment for a child struggling with depression, but the treatment shouldn’t stop with the depressed teen, suggests the study. The study found that while depressed teens were involved in active treatment, parents’ marriages and parent-child conflict remained stable. Once the teens’ treatment had finished, however, parents’ marital relationships ... Northwestern University - 6/6/2019Weak upper and lower body physical performance associated with depression and anxiety: New study confirms elevated depressive and/or anxiety symptoms in midlife women with limited physical strength and activityPhysical fitness is associated with a number of key health outcomes, including heart disease, cognition, mortality, and an overall feeling of well-being. A new study from Singapore now links physical performance with mental health and emotions, suggesting that weak upper and lower body fitness can cause more serious depression and anxiety in midlife women. Results are published online today in Menopause, the journal of The North American Menopause Society (NAMS). The North American Menopause Society (NAMS) - 6/5/2019Is 'clean eating' just dirty rhetoric? New research on 'clean eating' explores potential link to eating disordersNew research published today in the Journal of Eating Disorders finds "clean eating" is perceived as overwhelmingly positive by young people, but those optimistic impressions of "clean diets" may signal a risk for eating disorders. Scientists are also calling for additional research to better understand the nature of the "clean eating" diet fad. Dickinson College - 6/3/2019Children who nap are happier, excel academically, and have fewer behavioral problemsAsk just about any parent whether napping has benefits and you'll likely hear a resounding "yes," particularly for the child's mood, energy levels, and school performance. New research from the University of Pennsylvania and the University of California, Irvine, published in the journal SLEEP backs up that parental insight. A study of nearly 3,000 fourth, fifth, and sixth graders ages 10-12 revealed a connection between midday napping and greater happiness, self-control, and grit; fewer ... University of Pennsylvania - 5/31/2019Depression sufferers at risk of multiple chronic diseasesWomen who experience symptoms of depression are at risk of developing multiple chronic diseases, research led by The University of Queensland has found. UQ School of Public Health PhD scholar Xiaolin Xu said women who experienced symptoms of depression, even without a clinical diagnosis, were at risk of developing multiple chronic diseases. "These days, many people suffer from multiple chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, stroke and cancer," Mr Xu said. University of Queensland - 5/30/2019'Ecstasy' shows promise for post-traumatic stress treatment: Psychotherapy and medication proves helpful for chronic sufferersAn international study involving researchers from UBC Okanagan has shown that MDMA, also known as ecstasy, may be a valuable tool for treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Published recently in Psychopharmacology, the study demonstrated substantial improvements in individuals who had not responded to prior treatments, explains UBCO Associate Professor of psychology Zach Walsh. This is also, he adds, the most comprehensive evaluation of the safety and effectiveness of ... University of British Columbia Okanagan campus - 5/29/2019When drug treatment for social anxiety is insufficient: TALK THERAPY effectively works in the long runA Japanese study group clarified that cognitive therapy* maintained its effects more than a year after the end of therapy for patients with a social anxiety disorder (SAD) even for those who did not respond to antidepressant drugs. The study was published online in the journal Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics* on May 23, 2019. The experiment was led by two experts on cognitive therapy in Japan, Dr. Naoki Yoshinaga, lecturer at University of Miyazaki, and Dr. Eiji Shimizu, professor at ... University of Miyazaki - 5/28/2019Self-harm images on Instagram associated with subsequent self-harm in viewersResearch has documented the widespread availability of graphic images of self-harm, such as cuttings, on the photo-sharing platform Instagram. After a British father said his 14-year-old daughter had viewed such explicit images on Instagram prior to her suicide, the platform announced that it would no longer allow such graphic images to appear. But little is known about how often such graphic images reach Instagram's users and whether they have an effect on viewers. Annenberg Public Policy Center of the University of Pennsylvania - 5/28/2019Study shows people fail to recognise male postnatal depression: New research led by Anglia Ruskin University shows significant gender differencesA new study shows that people are almost twice as likely to correctly identify signs of postnatal depression in women than in men. The research, published in the Journal of Mental Health and led by Professor Viren Swami of Anglia Ruskin University, involved 406 British adults aged between 18 and 70. The participants were presented with case studies of a man and a woman both displaying symptoms of postnatal depression, a mental health issue which affects as many as 13% of new parents. Anglia Ruskin University - 5/13/2019Anger more harmful to health of older adults than sadness: Associated with increased inflammation, which can lead to chronic disease, study saysAnger may be more harmful to an older person's physical health than sadness, potentially increasing inflammation, which is associated with such chronic illnesses as heart disease, arthritis and cancer, according to new research published by the American Psychological Association. "As most people age, they simply cannot do the activities they once did, or they may experience the loss of a spouse or a decline in their physical mobility and they can become angry," said Meaghan A. Barlow, MA, ... American Psychological Association - 5/9/2019For teens, online bullying worsens sleep and depression: Nearly 15 percent of high school students report being bullied onlineTeens who experience cyberbullying are more likely to suffer from poor sleep, which in turn raises levels of depression, found a University at Buffalo study. Although research has examined the relationship between online bullying and depression, the UB study is one of few to explore the connection between cyber victimization and sleep quality. The study surveyed more than 800 adolescents for sleep quality, cyber aggression and depression. University at Buffalo - 5/9/2019Stress in early life could make people more likely to develop depressionNew research by the University of Bristol has found that early life adversity could make an individual more at risk of developing negative thinking, which could lead to major depressive disorder (MDD). The findings provide biological and psychological evidence to support work first proposed in the 1960s. University of Bristol - 5/8/2019A moody gut often accompanies depression -- new study helps explain whyFor people with depression, gastrointestinal distress is a common additional burden, and a new study suggests that for some, the two conditions arise from the same glitch in neuron chemistry--low serotonin. The study, conducted in mice, shows that a shortage of serotonin in the neurons of the gut can cause constipation, just as a serotonin shortage in the brain can lead to depression. The study also found that a treatment that raises serotonin in the gut and the brain may alleviate both ... Columbia University Irving Medical Center - 5/7/2019Perseverance toward life goals can fend off depression, anxiety, panic disorders: Looking on the bright side also acts as a safeguard, according to 18-year studyPeople who don't give up on their goals (or who get better over time at not giving up on their goals) and who have a positive outlook appear to have less anxiety and depression and fewer panic attacks, according to a study of thousands of Americans over the course of 18 years. Surprisingly, a sense of control did not have an effect on the mental health of participants across time. American Psychological Association - 5/2/2019Adverse events during first years of life may have greatest effect on future mental healthA Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) study has found evidence that children under 3 years old are most the vulnerable to the effects of adversity - experiences including poverty, family and financial instability, and abuse - on their epigenetic profiles, chemical tags that alter gene expression and may have consequences for future mental health. Their report appearing in the May 15 issue of Biological Psychiatry, which has been published online, finds that the timing of adverse experiences ... Massachusetts General Hospital - 5/1/2019Haunted by the past: Insomniacs unable to get emotional distress off their mindCringe-worthy mistakes and embarrassing blunders made today won't seem so bad tomorrow. That is, unless you're an insomniac, research at the Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience shows. The scientists asked participants to relive their most shameful experiences of decades ago while making MRI scans of their brain activity. While good sleepers literally settled those experiences in their head as neutralized memories, people with insomnia were not able to do so. This breakthrough ... Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience - KNAW - 4/25/2019‘13 Reasons Why’ and Young Adults’ Risk of SuicideOne of the most heavily watched and debated fictional portrayals of suicide in recent years was the Netflix series “13 Reasons Why,” which raised outcries about potential contagion stemming from its portrayal of a female high-school student’s suicide. Google searches about suicide spiked after the release of Season 1, physicians said that several children created lists of “13 reasons why” they wanted to kill themselves, and one hospital saw an increase in admissions of children who ... Annenberg Public Policy Center of the University of Pennsylvania - 4/25/2019Study confirms value of exposure therapy for vets with PTSD, alcohol problemsProlonged exposure therapy is more effective at treating PTSD than Seeking Safety, a coping skills therapy, for patients who also have alcohol use disorder, found a VA San Diego Healthcare System study. The findings offer important guidance for clinicians in the VA health care system, which cares for many veterans coping with both PTSD and problem drinking. The researchers compared patients who were given integrated alcohol and prolonged exposure treatment with those given ... Veterans Affairs Research Communications - 4/24/2019Some women could be more susceptible to PTSD than others, according to new studyChildhood trauma is known to increase the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adulthood, especially for women, but the biological reasons for this correlation remain largely unknown. In a new study from the University of Missouri, researchers have proposed a solution to this mystery in the form of a model that could help psychiatrists better understand the far-reaching impacts of early trauma on women, while also clarifying why not all women with traumatic childhoods develop PTSD. University of Missouri-Columbia - 4/23/2019Brain wiring differences identified in children with conduct disorderBehavioural problems in young people with severe antisocial behaviour - known as conduct disorder - could be caused by differences in the brain's wiring that link the brain's emotional centres together, according to new research led by the University of Birmingham. Conduct disorder affects around 1 in 20 children and teenagers and is one of the most common reasons for referral to child and adolescent mental health services. It is characterised by a wide range of antisocial or aggressive ... University of Birmingham - 4/18/2019
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